The Chinese state uses cultural heritage as a source of power by linking it to political and economic goals, but heritage discourse has at the same time encouraged new actors to appropriate the discourse to protect their own traditions. This book focuses on that contested nature of heritage, especially through the lens of individuals, local communities, religious groups, and heritage experts. I…
Georg Marggrafe, Colonial Dutch Brazil, Early Modern Science, Astronomy, 17th century
From the Early Middle Ages onwards, both university and monastic theologians were occupied and concerned with the spiritual struggle against sin. The idea was based on the notion that in this world, people are surrounded by the power of the Devil and are left at the mercy of the Devil’s temptations. The enclosed monastery on the other hand represented a…
By the time of the Vietnam War era, the “Mexican American Generation” had made tremendous progress both socially and politically. However, the number of Mexican Americans in comparison to the number of white prisoners of war (POWs) illustrated the significant discrimination and inequality the Chicano population faced in both military and civilian landscapes. Chicanos were disproportionately…
his book examines the pivotal role that silver and gold money played in the formation and working out of England’s Amer-ican colonial proj ect in the seventeenth century. The book argues, first, that money was the primum mobile, or prime mover, of En glish imperial action and overseas activity, including the impulse for colonization, the regulation of colonial trade, and the introduction…
The time span covered by The Routledge History of Fashion and Dress starts in the nineteenth century, with the aftermath of the consumers’ revolution, and reaches all the way to the present. The fashion and garment industries have been international from the beginning and, as such, this volume looks at the history of fashion and dress through the lenses of both international and global histor…
The popular English daily TheHindu carried a news item in its Friday Review on September 10, 2011 under the title ‘Kapilavastu Relics to be displayed in Sri Lanka’. The article referred to the unearthing of the relics at Piprahwa in the present Indian state of Bihar by Major General (retired) Alexander Cunningham (1814–93), the first head of the Archaeological Survey …
Throughout the 1920s and 30s Prague was the intellectual center of Ukrainian émigrés in Europe, not least because of significant financial support from the Czechoslovak government and its first president, Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk, for émigré students and intellectuals. On the basis of extensive archival research in Ottawa, Prague, and Kyiv, Zavorotna outlines the continuation of Ukrainian s…
Dunhuang: China’s traditional northwest frontier and overland conduit of exchange with the Old World. Jao Tsung-i: China’s last great traditional man of letters, polymath, and pioneer of comparative humanistic inquiry during Hong Kong’s global heyday. Jao and Dunhuang had a special relationship that this book makes accessible in English for the first time. Inside, Jao proposes an entirely…
Previous works on ancient olive oil and wine produc-tion in the ancient Mediterranean (Frankel 1999; Brun 2003b, 2004) and North Africa (Mattingly 1985; 1988a-d; 1993; 1994; 1995; 2009; Mattingly and Hitchner 1993) have broadened our knowledge on specifications, tech-niques and scale of production of Roman presses. These works discuss how this significantly contributed to …
These are disturbing times. Scholars in medieval and premod-ern studies are tired of explaining why, yet this labor continues to be performed by those who often have the least personal and professional security.1 A case in point here is Mary Rambaran-Olm, who consistently advocated, and with considerable risk for her own scholarly career and personal well-being, for the re-tire…
For the debates about the ultramontanization of Catholicism in the course of the nineteenth century the contrast of an early example of pilgrimages and a later case during the heyday of ultramontanism can be revealing. Though sim-ilar in social and gender aspects there are differences on the level of organiza-tion, inherent ultramontanism and transnational traits. The phenom…
Although they contain a wealth of geographical information, land registers have not been fully exploited with the aim of reconstructing the Nile Valley landscape. However, compared to other written or pictorial sources, they have several advantages. 1) The geographical information they contain is based on onsite observation and therefore directly reflects the r…
Two months after his arrival in Ottoman Syria in September 1860, the Prussianbureaucrat Johann Ludwig Guido von Rehfues (1818–97) and his colleagues setoff on a hauntingly memorable journey to Damascus.² Leaving Beirut early in themorning, they rodefirst up Mount Lebanon. From all the heights to which theirpath took them, they could see the smoke-stained rubble of onceflourishingvillages in …
On May 19, 1798 a French fleet under the command of the young general Napoleon Bonaparte sailed from Toulon in order to challenge the power of England in Egypt. He hoped by the conquet of the Nile to construct a French stronghold in the East from which to threaten British power and wealth in India. While the Nile Valley soon fell into French hands, confused political circumstances a home forced…
In the history of education, the question of how computers were introduced into European classrooms has so far been largely neglected. This edited volume strives to address this gap. The contributions shed light on the computerization of general education from a historical perspective, by looking closely at the different actors, political rationales and ideologies, as well as financial, politic…
The structure of the unit guides respects new AP teachers’ time by providing one possible sequence they can adopt or modify rather than having to build from scratch. An additional benefit is that these units enable the AP Program to provide interested teachers with formative assessments—the Personal Progress Checks—that they can assign their students at the end of each unit to gauge progr…
The historian works with documents. Documents are the traces which have been left by the thoughts and actions of men of former times. Of these thoughts and actions, however, very few leave any visible traces, and these traces, when there are any, are seldom durable; an accident is enough to efface them. Now every thought and every action that has left no visible traces, or none but what have si…
Although it is true that history has more do with men and nations with the countries in which they act their parts, still it is within her province to show the position, climate, and physical features of a country have influenced the character and fortunes of the people who inhabit it.
Sitting in the shadow of the north wall of the ruined caravan house (karavanatun) at Arai-Bazarǰuł on a clear day in summer, one can see four mountain peaks. To the west above Aragats, the tallest mountain in the Republic of Armenia, clouds catch and gather, threatening to descend and change the day from sun to hail in minutes. To the northeast, the stooping shoulder of Tełenis hefts a load …
When in 1613, following the Time of Troubles, the first Romanov came to the throne of Muscovy, sixty years had elapsed since, in the words of Richard Hakluyt, “the strange and wonderful Discoverie of Russia” by the English. It was Hakluyt who gathered together in his Principal navigations, voiages, [traffiques,] and discoueries of the English nation (first …
People and communities, lives and livelihoods. These define the Arctic, just as with all other populated areas on the planet. Is there, then, any-thing special, specific, exceptional or unique about the Arctic? To the peoples in the Arctic, the answer is ‘of course’.Because it is home.As Arctic literature is fond of stating, there is no single Arctic. Definitions abo…
Finding Jerusalem is not about bringing back to life ancient stones and walls hidden underground. It is not an adventurer’s quest for long-lost treasures and monuments of a city venerated by the three Abrahamic traditions. And least of all, it is not an attempt to uncover the biblical truth. Finding Jerusalem: Archaeol-ogy between Science and Ideology is …
This is a book about how knowledge travels, in minds and bodies, writ-ings and performances. It explores the forms knowledge takes, the mean-ings it accrues and how they are shaped by the peoples and places that use it. This is also a book about the relationships between political power, family ties and literate scholarship in the ancient Middle East of the first millennium bc (see Tables 3a…
What do we see when we look at a monument, and how do we come to see what we do? Far from the innocent ravages of time, the calculated aesthetics of the Indian temple today result from the confluence of religious performance, the politics of identity formation, the tension between neoliberal and socialist preservation mod-els, and the display, erasure, and fragmentation of the visual and materi…
This book is about interpreting the Scientific Revolution as a distinctive movement directed towards the exploration of the world of nature and coming into its own in Europe by the end of the seventeenth century. The famed English historian Lord Acton (1834-1902) is said to have advised that problems were more important than periods. If he held this o…
The title of our book pays homage to a classic anthropological monograph: Time and the Other by Johannes Fabian (1983). That critical work – unfortunately lit-tle used in studies of the ancient or indigenous Americas – examined the way in which the dominant party in an intercultural encounter tends to situate (to construct and to interpret) ‘the Other’, i.e. colonised or otherwise margi…
etween seven and eight million men and women left Ireland over the course of the nineteenth century.1 For a country whose popula-tion has never been more than eight and a half million, that is a mind-boggling statistic, and one that might easily obscure individual emigrant lives. Historians have therefore tended to tackle Irish emigration in two di…
Astronomer and Marxist Anton Pannekoek was a remarkable f igure. As an astronomer, he pioneered quantitative astrophysics and founded the renowned Astronomical Institute in Amsterdam that now carries his name. Before World War I, however, he was employed as a Marxist theorist by the Social Democratic Party of Germany, making him one of the leading intel-lectuals of international socialism. Beca…
Centuries before the Pacific was revealed to Europeans, flotillas of ves-sels carried thousands of men, women, and children, together with plants and animals, to virtually every island in a vast ocean that covers about one-third of the surface of the globe. They settled in homelands with con-siderable diversity, ranging from the high islands of Papua New Guinea to small volcanic pe…
This book poses a question: since, in encounters between the present and the past, the present always wins, how might we in the present recover the strangeness of a society that flourished two-and-a-half millennia ago? Can we find ways of throwing off our mind-forged manacles, and instead make an attempt, without preconceptions or agendas, to…
The family of technologies collectively known as additive manufacturing (AM) technologies, and often called 3D-printing technologies, is rapidly revolutionizing industrial production. AM’s potential to produce intricate and customized parts starting from a digital 3D model makes it one of the main pillars for the forthcoming Industry 4.0. Thanks to its advantages over traditional manufacturin…
The web has been with us for more than a quarter of a century. It has become a daily and ubiquitous source of information in many peoples’ lives around the globe. But what does it tell us about historical and social change? For a researcher in the twenty-second century, it will seem unimaginable that someone studying the twenty-first c…
Buku ini mengulas sejarah alam Gunungsewu berdasarkan hasil penelitian dari Pusat Penelitian Biologi (P2B-LIPI) yang telah 12 tahun melakukan kegiatan inventarisasi keanekaragaman hayati karst dan gua di Gunungsewu. Selain membahas aspek geologi, geomorfologi, hidrologi, dan speleologi, buku ini juga mengulas aspek hayati, baik yang ada di atas maupun di bawah permukaan. Kemudian tinjauan te…
Renaissance Fun is about the technology of Renaissance entertainments in stage machinery and theatrical special effects; in gardens and fountains; and in the automata and self-playing musical instruments that were installed in garden grottoes. How did the machines behind these shows work? How exactly were chariots filled with singers let down onto the stage? How were flaming dragons made to fly…
Wy is the District of Columbia, the capital of the United States, named after Christopher Columbus, a Genoese explorer commissioned by Spain who never set foot on the future US mainland? Why did Spanish Americans in 1819 name the newly independent republic “Colombia” after Columbus, the first representative of the Spanish Empire from which politi-c…
It is proposed here to show upon what principles and by what rules Greek and Roman society was governed. We unite in the same study both the Greeks and the Romans, because these two peoples, who were two branches of a single race, and who spoke two idioms of a single language, also had the same institutions and the same principles of government, and passed through a series of similar revolution…
This open access edited collection contributes a new dimension to the study of mental health and psychiatry in the twentieth century. It takes the present literature beyond the ‘asylum and after’ paradigm to explore the multitude of spaces that have been permeated by concerns about mental well-being and illness. The chapters in this volume consciously attempt to break down institutional wal…
“We need to talk about Hippocrates. Current scholarship attributes none of the works of the ‘Hippocratic corpus’ to him, and the ancient biographical traditions of his life are not only late, but also written for their own promotional purposes. Yet Hippocrates features powerfully in our assumptions about ancient medicine, and our beliefs about what medicine – and the physician himself …
In the past few decades, scholars have celebrated the end of history and pro-claimed its rebirth. Outside the walls of the academy, in the media, it is easy to find claims that readers and viewers are “witnessing” (or consuming) history, that certain events, from pie- eating contests to war catastrophes and natural phenomena, are “historical.” Govern…
Bbad are traditional Javanese chronicles written in verse. Although there aremany babad, some dealing with a specific area (Babad Madura), or period(Babad Kartasura), or event (Babad Pacina), the ‘mother’ of all babad is the text known as the Major Babad Tanah Jawi. The latest version of it dates from 1836, althoughthe events described end around the year 1770. It describes the h…
Statues of ancient Egyptian rulers and their gods can be encountered in the grandiose galleries of the Metropolitan Museum of Art on Manhattan’s traffic-choked Fifth Avenue. More humble grave goods, excavated from tombs along the Nile, can be found in homemade cabinets in a South African barn at the end of a dirt track road. Several hundred artefacts made o…
Whilst occupied on many and various studies, I happened to light upon the History of the Kings of Britain, and wondered that in the account which Gildas and Bede, in their elegant treatises, had given of them, I found nothing said of those kings who lived here before the Incarnation of Christ, nor of Arthur and many others who succeeded after the Incarnation, though their actions both deserved …
This book is in no sense a diary of day-to-day travel. Only a single chapter is devoted to the account of the extraordinary journey which Captain[viii] Buchanan and his cinematographer, Mr. Glover, made from Kano in Nigeria to Touggourt in Algiers—a journey of over 3,500 miles through the great desert of Africa. Some idea of the hardships which they encountered may be gathered from the fact t…
The importance of opening a Second Port in China, as connectedwith the Company1 s interests, has escaped the attention of few Personswho have given the least consideration to our connections with that coun-try. Unfortunately, however, there exists so much diversity of opinionas to which Port would be the most favorable that we are involved …
If you ever read the letters of the pioneers who first settled in your locality when it was all a wilderness (and how recent was the time!), you will find them filled with discussion of the possibilities of getting a living and establishing a home there. Were there springs of good water there? Was there native pasturage for the animals? Was there fruit? 'Vas there fish? 'Vas there game? Was t…
The clay army stood in silent formation, guarding the tomb of the first emperor of China. Alert and ready for battle, they were to protect the emperor from evil spirits and robbers. If a robber did manage to break in, he might not escape in one piece—the clay army surrounded the tomb. Over seven hundred thousand workers built the first emperor’s tomb and created his army of clay. And it too…
This open access book studies breath and breathing in literature and culture and provides crucial insights into the history of medicine, health and the emotions, the foundations of beliefs concerning body, spirit and world, the connections between breath and creativity and the phenomenology of breath and breathlessness. Contributions span the classical, medieval, early modern, Romantic, Victori…
Following the end of the Cold War, Greenland has played a limited role in global security policy. Nevertheless, an intensive debate has taken place in the Danish media about Greenland’s role in the Cold War, with a significant polarization of opinion concerning the American presence in Greenland. This debate and the discussion about openness in the existing sources on the subject gave rise to…
Pauktuutit fosters greater awareness of the needs of Inuit women, advocates for equity and social improvements, and encourages their participation in the community, regional and national life of Canada. Pauktuutit leads and supports Canadian Inuit women in policy development and community projects in all areas of interest to them, for the social, cultural, political and economic betterment of t…