Climate change is one of the most serious problems facing the agriculture today. In a many countries, drought in conjunction with high temperature becomes a significant risk for sustainable agricultural production. In general, drought stress limits productivity of major crops by inducing different morphological, physiological and molecular changes in plants (Ashraf et al. 201…
A growing earth population and the increasing demand for food is placing unprec-edented pressure on agriculture and natural resources. Today’s food systems do not provide sufficient nutritious food in an environmentally sustainable way to the world’s population (Wu et al. 2018). Around 821 million are undernourished while 1.2 billion are overweight or obese. At the same time, foo…
Biochemistry is the comprehensive study guide for medical and biological science students. It covers the basic and applied concepts of biochemistry, for the curriculum of undergraduate students in a detailed manner.this is the fourth edition of this series which, includes multi-coloured illustrations for a better understanding of the subject. It is updated on topics such as biotechnology, molec…
Scientific motivation to publish this book comes from the increased interest in the study of toxoplasmosis, showed all over the world. Though the Toxoplasma gondii infection was first discovered in 1908, toxoplasmosis remains a today's research topic, a realm of questions and dilemmas that interest both the veterinarians and the human doctors. Studies in the field are directed to the epidemiolo…
Fifteen to twenty billion years ago, the universe arose as a cataclysmic eruption of hot, energy-rich subatomic particles. Within seconds, the simplest elements (hydrogen and helium) were formed. As the universe expanded and cooled, material condensed under the influence of gravity to form stars. Some stars became enormous and then exploded as supernovae, releasing the energy needed to fuse sim…