The ebook edition of this title is Open Access and freely available to read online. Specification for Tunnelling, Fourth edition is a standard industry document for tunnelling contracts and forms the basis of tunnelling specifications for projects throughout the world. It reflects current industry best practice and considers technological advancements over the last ten years. It also investigat…
Above all, the building authority centres on preventing dangers to the public, which may arise from the construction process. In Germany, the general conditions governing the building, alteration or demolition of structures have been a federal responsibility since the 19th century. Even so, individual tasks were transferred to the Deutsche Institut für Bautechnik (DIBt) in an agreement and thi…
This chapter sets out the aims of this book and explains themethods and approaches applied in its production. It alsoaspires to be a guide, offering readers instructions as to howbest to use the book. We therefore strongly encourage allreaders to read this chapter carefully, so as to gain a clearerunderstanding of all the different aspects analysed in thisbook. This chapter also provides essent…
Air distribution affects air quality, thermal environment, and work efficiency. The goal of ventilation is to provide occupants with clean air for breathing and thermal comfort. In essence, ventilation means controlling air movement in rooms or built environments. It is the science of studying the interaction of natural convection and organized cur…
Civil engineering has made an inestimable contribution to modern life, providing the crucial expertise behind our vast transportation systems and the wide array of built structures where we work, study, and play. In this Very Short Introduction, engineer David Muir Wood turns a spotlight on a field that we often take for granted. He sheds light on the nature and importance of civil engineering …
The construction industry is typically divided into specialty areas, with each area requiring different skills, resources, and knowledge to participate effectively in it. The area classifications typically used are residential (single- and multifamily housing), building (all buildings other than housing), heavy/highway (dams, bridges, ports, sewage-treatment plants, highways), utility (sanitary…
The consequences of material fatigue are some of the main causes of damage in load-bearingstructures. Thisappliestoapplicationsinmechanicalengineering, construction,the offshore industry and numerous other fields. In order to counter these problems, newmanufacturing processes are continuously being tested and new materials and joiningmethods are being developed in order to generate more powerfu…
This open access book is a compilation of selected papers from 2023 DigitalFUTURES — The 5nd International Conference on Computational Design and Robotic Fabrication (CDRF 2023). The work focuses on novel techniques for computational design and robotic fabrication. The contents make valuable contributions to academic researchers, designers, and engineers in the industry. As well, readers will…
The creative spirit does not only live from the intern-alization of concepts, rules, practices, and concep-tions. To trigger the creative process, it needs to fantasize, idealize, ramble and harmonize.In the creative process, time is differential, and space is unifying. It can be said that time is memory and utopia; space is the real, the concrete, and the representation. A…