Public stock markets aretoosmall. The lack of companies with publicly-tradedshares creates manyproblems.Ifpublicly-traded shares are scarce, valuationsare higher and thereisanincreased risk of bubbles. The lack of companieswith publicly-traded shares can increase financial inequality,because retail in-vestors are excluded from privatestock markets.Itcan alsomake itmore difficultto fund futurepe…
Discrepancies in biobank research regulations have commonly been regarded as one of the most significant hurdles for effective research collaboration. One of the more central aspects of biobank research regulation concerns the use of personal data—health and genetic data and other information related to individuals, either as indi-vidual research subjects or participants in a particular scien…
The Constitutional Court of Indonesia functions in one of the most diverse societies in the world. It is required to resolve disputes within a kaleidoscope of diversity and plurality with flexibility, pragmatism, asymmetry, and wisdom. Whilst national minimum norms are important for nation-building, recognition of local customs, diversities and indigenous systems are equally important to protec…
Within the research project,one of the first steps was to select the eight countries /jurisdictionsto be examined. The aim was to achieveawidelyspread representa-tion of regionsaround the globe, restrictingthe scope toamanageable number ofjurisdictions (eight)while allowing for diversity,explicitly focusing on the inclusionof nations in the global south. The aim of achievingdiversity is related…
Tobacco has been with mankind for millennia. Yet, its expansion as a trade itemfor personal use dates to the sixteenth century and the arrival of the Europeans to theAmericas. In the twentieth century, scientists concluded that tobacco use is detri-mental to the health of its users. Tobacco has been identified by the World HealthOrganisation (WHO) as one of the four major risk factors that cont…
The International Law Handbook was prepared by the Codification Division of the Office of Legal Affairs under the United Nations Programme of Assistance in the Teaching, Study, Dissemination and Wider Appreciation of International Law, pursuant to General Assembly resolution 70/116 of 14 December 2015. Ambassador Emmanuel K. Dadzie of Ghana proposed the establishment of this programme when he …
The problem of preventing mass human-rights violations and atrocity crimes is one of the key issues in international relations. The book presents the capacity of the international community in the field. The available instruments of early warning, preventive diplomacy as well as legal, economic, and military measures of prevention are included. Cases of Chechnya, Rwanda, Côte d'Ivoire and Liby…
Funding development requires access to financial resources. While this causal-ity is commonsense, the underlying complexity and struggle has accompanied international development organizations ever since they were founded. The objective of the 2020 aiib Legal Conference and the 4th Volume of the aiibYearbook of International Law is to take stock. Taking stock requires us t…