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E-book Landscape in the Longue Duree
A common- sense understanding of the ‘longue durée’ might be that it simply refers to the long term, a long period of chronological time. This notion of clock or objective chronological time is ultimately uninteresting and helps us to explain and understand nothing. It is empty time, time as a container segmented by dates and events, befores and afters.The Annales approach to time as exemplified by Braudel is far more subtle than that. Braudel hierarchically distinguished between time as duration; long, continuous and almost imperceptible historical time rhythms; long historical economic cycles and rhythms, and much briefer short- term changes in which time, as historical motion, speeds up in the form of events and then dissipates. This was a distinction between long- term geographic and environmental structures, medium- term socioeco-nomic cycles (involving, in the case of the Mediterranean, such matters as linked movements in economics and demographic structures – such matters as cereal price curves, demographic curves with reciprocal movements of industrial production, ground rents, seaport duties, etc.) and short- term sociopolitical events.His concern was the interrelationship between historical change and the near- permanent in history (Braudel 1992: 651). This was a matter of conceptualizing the interrelationship between rhythms of material life and fluctuations of human existence. Different times and their histories thus both overlap and develop simultaneously: ‘in seek-ing to grasp all the different vibrations, waves of past time which ought ideally to accumulate like the divisions in the mechanism of a clock, the seconds, the minutes, the hours and days – perhaps we shall find the whole fabric slipping away between our fingers’ (652). Beyond this he notes that there are not ‘two or three measures of time, there are doz-ens, each of them attached to a particular history’ (657). Dates might be assigned to the beginnings and ends of particular historical rhythms and economic cycles, but according to how one conceptualized time and place they were arbitrary and open to debate and re- evaluation. The notion of duration here is linked to both continuity and heteroge-neity as conditions of experience. In other words, duration is multiple rather than singular in character, characterized by coexisting times rather than a singular time.
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