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E-book Unsettling Translation : Studies in Honour of Theo Hermans
Like most people of my generation, I first came across Theo Hermans’s work when I read The Manipulation of Literature: Studies in Literary Translation, the widely celebrated and agenda-setting volume he edited in 1985. Routledge’s reprint of the volume in 2014 seems to be based on a scan of the original, which was typed by his late wife Marion, probably on an electric typewriter, and probably on the kitchen table. Despite the publisher’s apology on the copyright page for the ‘imperfections’ of the volume, the unpolished look and the rather antiquated typeface of the old-fashioned typewriter are part of its charm and history. They provide a feel for the era, something of the sense of excitement and adventure that the group represented in the volume must have felt as they set out to articulate a bold new vision – a new paradigm as Hermans refers to it in his introduction – for a discipline that was only just beginning to emerge. Although Hermans insisted in the introduction to the volume that “this group is not a school, but a geographically scattered collection of individuals with widely varying interests” (1985a:10), it quickly became known as the Manipulation School, a designation that stuck and continues to have much currency today. In revisiting and reas-sessing the theoretical legacy of this ‘school’ some fourteen years later, Hermans tells us that the designation was coined by Armin Paul Frank in 1987 and given wider currency by Mary Snell-Hornby in her account of the approach a year later “as one of the two main schools of thought in translation studies in Europe in the 1980s” (Hermans 1999b:8), the other being the so-called Leipzig School in Germany (Snell-Hornby 1988:14).According to Hermans (1985a:14–15), the Manipulation group had been “meeting and publishing for close on a decade”; they had come together through “a series of symposia on literary translation” at the University of Louvain in 1976, the University of Tel Aviv in 1978, and the University of Antwerp in 1980. Being an outsider to the discipline and to the group myself at the time (in the early 1990s), and seeing this ‘school’ so idolized in the literature and at the conferences I was beginning to attend, I must admit that I wrongly took Hermans to be the cheer leader of an elite academic clan that dominated the field, that saw the world mostly through the privileged eyes of a jet-setting European, and that was only interested in literary translation – itself being the elite end of a discipline I envisioned as much broader in scope. It wasn’t long before I discovered that first impressions can be very misleading. In the years that followed, I came to realize that Hermans was one of the most fiercely independent, non-elitist, principled and culturally aware scholars in the field. Among other things, it was Hermans who pointed out as early as 1996 – long before Maria Tymoczko, Martha Cheung and others began to question the dominant Eurocentric con-ceptions of translation – that we inevitably translate concepts of translation that are radically different from ours in our own terms, “by making use of our own categories of translation” (1996b:46–47).
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