The ebook edition of this title is Open Access and freely available to read online. Specification for Tunnelling, Fourth edition is a standard industry document for tunnelling contracts and forms the basis of tunnelling specifications for projects throughout the world. It reflects current industry best practice and considers technological advancements over the last ten years. It also investigat…
Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment (CGA) is a process of care comprising a number of steps. Initially, a multidimensional holistic assessment of an older person considers health and wellbeing and leads to the formulation of a plan to address issues which are of concern to the older person (and their family and carers when relevant). Interventions are then arranged in support of the plan. Progre…
This guide for patients has been prepared by the Anticancer Fund as a service to patients, to help patients and their relatives better understand the nature of endometrial cancer and appreciate the best treatment choices available according to the subtype of endometrial cancer. We recommend that patients ask their doctors about the tests or types of treatments needed for their type and stage of…
Cancer concerns us all in one way or another. In 2020, 2.7 million people in the European Union were diagnosed with the disease, and another 1.3 million people lost their lives to it. Cancer is an individual diagnosis that has important impacts on patients, but it also severely affects the lives of their families and friends. Europe urgently needs a renewed commitment to cancer prevention, t…
Each year more than 15 million units of whole blood are collected and 5 million patients are transfused with blood components in the United States. (Source: The 2011 National Blood Collection and Utilization Survey Report; 2011 is the most recent year for which data are available.) Each unit is generally divided into three components: red cells, platelets and plasma. Most of the red cells are t…
The world was not doing enough for sustainable development, even before the pandemic. The existing gap in financing for the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals has been estimated at around $2.5 trillion.1 Growth in developing and emerging economies was, however, steadily reducing the number of people in extreme poverty. The recession caused by COVID-19 has reversed that process, al…
Agri-food is more than a strategically important economic sector. It is also crucial for society, because it provides affordable and sustainable nutrition for the population. An increasingly growing part of society, especially the young, are willing to pay more for sustainable food. This is important, as the sector is extremely sensitive to price changes. Crowdfunding can give more financing to…
There have been several important developments in the evidence base on children’s well-being and mental health since our 2021 report was released. The NHS Digital second follow-up study on the Mental Health of Children and Young People in England and the third Department for Education (DfE) State of the Nation report on the well-being of children and young people in England have been publishe…
The view of the fundamental nature of colour embodied in the CIE definitions quoted above may be said to have three elements. First, qualities of colour such as hue, lightness and chroma are attributes of visual perception. Second, we must make a distinction between colour perceptions and the properties of lights and objects that we see as their colour. Third, the property of a light or an obje…
Doctors feel that keeping up to date with developments in medicine and participating in courses related to their own professional development are important to them. There are understandably some differences by age in terms of prioritisation of education, training and career development. Younger doctors and doctors in training are more focused on training, development and being mentored, saying…