This book corrals global scholarship on ancient writing systems from China, Mesopotamia, Central America, the Mediterranean, to more recent newly created scripts such as the Rongorongo from Easter Island, the Caroline Island scripts, as well as the alphabet. The aim is to dig into the foundations of writing and showcase the complexities and varieties of scripts, from their invention to the pote…
Police are a prominent topic in the media. Either they are described pos-itively, such as when successfully apprehending a criminal, or they were portrayed critically, due to inappropriate behavior, for example. Images depicting discreditable behavior by officers, such as fighting back peaceful demonstrators and protesters, shed a negative light on the police and throw their role into question.…
Freshwater is sustaining life on our planet but is under increasing pressure due to popula-tion growth, increased water consumption and pollution as well as climate change. Facing freshwater scarcity is one of the major challenges of the 21st century and included in the Sustainable Development Goals as a fundamental target of the international community UN (2015). …
Thermal establishments with mineral-medicinal waters represent a special case among Roman bath buildings, not only because of the adaptation of the space to the use of these waters for health issues, but also because of the infrastructures and engineering they developed, as well as for their function in the landscape. Thermalism in the Roman Provinces is focused on the role of thermal esta…
During the first half of the nineteenth century, some fundamental insights into pollen morphology and physiology were achieved. Purkinje made the first attempt for a palynological terminology by classifying pollen based on their morphology (Purkinje 1830). Wodehouse (1935) pointed out that “Purkinje’s system of nomenclature deserved much more attention than was ever given …
The main consequence of osteoporosis is that it is a condition in which bone mass is depleted and bone structure is destroyed to the degree that bone becomes fragile and prone to fractures. For affected patients, these ‘fragility fractures’ are associated with substantial pain and suffering, disability and even death, along with substantial costs to society. The problems creat…
Libraries and research institutions around the world hold countless manuscripts and early printed books.1 Some of the most prestigious and beautiful reading rooms are dedicated to these rare materials. Even smaller institutions often have their own division and sometimes a separate reading room or area for these holdings. While these smaller institutions often only have one reading roo…
In normal ageing, bodies and brains slow down, though intelligence remains stable. Aging leads people to take more time to process information and learn new knowledge, and people appear to be physically and mentally less flexible. Memory changes occur as well, and elderly and older have greater difficulty remembering names and places, and complex notions. Compared to normal ag…