"This is, for my money, the best single-source primer on the state of climate change." - New York Magazine "The right book at the right time: accessible, comprehensive, unflinching, humane." - The Daily Beast "A must-read." - The Guardian Climate Change: What Everyone Needs to Know is the essential primer on what will be the defining issue of our time. Newly updated with the latest in …
A quantitative introduction to the Solar System and planetary systems science for advanced undergraduate students, this engaging new textbook explains the wide variety of physical, chemical, and geological processes that govern the motions and properties of planets. The authors provide an overview of our current knowledge and discuss some of the unanswered questions at the forefront of research…
"Have you ever seen a total solar eclipse?" If the question caused you to search your memory, the correct answer would have been "no." A common response is: "Yes--I saw one, it was about 90% partial eclipse where I lived." A 90% partial eclipse is indeed a remarkable phenomenon, but true totality leaves all else in the shade, in all senses of the phrase. Ask the question of anyone who has exper…
Evolution is one of the most important processes in life. It not only explains the detailed history of life on earth, but its scope also extends into many aspects of our own contemporary behavior-who we are and how we got to be here, our psychology, our cultures-and greatly impacts modern advancements in medicine and conservation biology. Perhaps its most important claim for science is its abil…
John McMurry
KEY BENEFIT: This book prepares readers to understand finite mathematics and calculus used in a wide range of disciplines. Covering relevant topics from finance, linear algebra, programming, and probability, the Seventh Edition places emphasis on computational skills, ideas, and problem solving. Other highlights include a rich variety of applications and integration of graphing calculators. …
In the early 1970s, there was a small group of advocates for an infrared space telescope; however, the field of infrared astronomy was only a few years old, and no one had ever built a space-based observatory of the required complexity. Considering the technical, political, scientific, and economic uncertainties, it was not obvious that a project like SIRTF could—or should—be dared by NASA.…
The chapter introduce our current understanding of the origin and nature of the matter in our solar system. It then discusses the atomic properties of the elements and summarizes how atomic structure is rationalized in terms of the behavior of electrons in atoms. We review trends in atomic parameters such as radius and the spacing of energy levels, and rationalize these trends in terms of the r…
Radio signals keep making material, informational, political, and social connections in this world. Exploring these signals architectonically, the contributors engage with the situatedness of radio signal recordings in nature and with knowledge implied in radio communication. Rooted in experimental design and data feminism, the book presents innovative tools for navigating data by spanning medi…
In this new book, a distinguished panel makes recommendations for the nation's programs in astronomy and astrophysics, including a number of new initiatives for observing the universe. With the goal of optimum value, the recommendations address the role of federal research agencies, allocation of funding, training for scientists, competition and collaboration among space facilities, and much mo…
Chemistry, it is a word that evokes various, and often dramatic, responses. It is a word that is impossible to define concisely, because the field is so diverse, and its practitioners perform such an incredible variety of jobs. Chemistry mainly deals with situations in which the nature of a substance is changed by altering its composition; entirely new substances are synthesized or the properti…
Statistics is interesting and useful because it provides strategies and tools for using data to gain insight into real problems. As the continuing revolution in computing automates most of the tiresome details, an emphasis on statistical concepts and on insight from data becomes both more practical for students and teachers and more important for users who must supply what is not automated. No …
Solutions to all of the odd-numbered end of chapter exercises are in this manual. This book can be very valuable if you use it properly. The way not to use it is to look at an exercise in the book and then immediately check the solution, often saying to yourself, "thats easy, I can do it". Developing problem solving skills takes practice. Don't look up a solution to a problem until you have tri…
An increasing complexity of models used to predict real-world systems leads to the need for algorithms to replace complex models with far simpler ones, while preserving the accuracy of the predictions. This two-volume handbook covers methods as well as applications. This first volume focuses on real-time control theory, data assimilation, real-time visualization, high-dimensional state spaces a…
Your institution (zoo or aquarium) is in the process of joining the European Association of Zoos and Aquaria (EAZA). This Manual has been developed by the Technical Assistance (TA) Committee to assist during the “Candidate for Membership” (CfM) period. Institutions need to meet several criteria to comply with the standards for EAZA membership. Documents produced by EAZA are used as guidelin…
The experiences of the relatives and Ancestors of the Dënes???né and of the living and deceased members of Athabasca Chipewyan First Nation (ACFN), are the heartbeat of Remembering our Relations. This book happened because grandparents, great-grandparents, and great-great-grandparents passed down, from generation to generation, their oral histories and testimon…
In Russia, waste management has been hugely neglected over the years. MSW and ISW treatment can be best described as inefficient and is causing both negative environmental impact and suboptimal use of raw materials and energy. While the European Union Member States recover up to an average of 60% of MSW, Russia’s waste recovery rate is almost zero. Recycling operations …
The book presents the universal issues of high-level radioactive waste man-agement from the perspective of the German legal system. It covers the entire “life-cycle” of radioactive waste, i.e. from the moment that radio-active material is classified as radioactive waste (Chapter 1), through the period of interim storage (Chapter 2), up to its final disposal (Chapter 3)…
Both Heyting and Gentzen approached questions of meaning in relation to whatit is to prove something, but as seen from the above, their approaches were stillvery different. Gentzen was concerned with what justifies inferences and therebywith what makes something a valid form of reasoning. These concerns were absentfrom Heyting’s explanations of mathematical propositions and assertions. The co…
As the most species-rich group of Palaearctic rodents, voles and lemmings are frequently used in various research endeavours of fundamental and applied significance. The present work integrates achievements of the genomic era with the traditional taxonomy and provides an authoritative and up-to-date taxonomic guide to the animal group which is of great interest to experts engaged in medical zoo…
Birds are of high public interest and of great value as indicators of thestate of the environment. Some 11,000 species are a number relatively well tohandle. From a scientific point of view, it is not easily answerable what a speciesis, since speciation and extinction are ongoing evolutionary processes and differen-tiation among species works on various traits. Contemporary systematics attempts…
This open access book offers the first comprehensive account of the pan-genome concept and its manifold implications. The realization that the genetic repertoire of a biological species always encompasses more than the genome of each individual is one of the earliest examples of big data in biology that opened biology to the unbounded. The study of genetic variation observed within a species ch…
The family Iridoviridae currently contains fi ve genera, two of which infect invertebrates ( Iridovirus and Chloriridovirus ) and three that infect only ectother-mic vertebrates ( Lymphocystivirus , Megalocytivirus , and Ranavirus ; Jancovich et al. 2015a ). Lymphocy stiviruses and megalocytiviruses only infect fi sh, whereas, as indicated above, r…
As well as protecting water resources, forests also conserve biodiversity. National commitments to the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity are being fulfilled through measures to safeguard water and establish “protected” and “protective” forests, as well as many kinds of forests certified for sustainability. Forests also provide carbon fixation and several other environmen…
A growing earth population and the increasing demand for food is placing unprec-edented pressure on agriculture and natural resources. Today’s food systems do not provide sufficient nutritious food in an environmentally sustainable way to the world’s population (Wu et al. 2018). Around 821 million are undernourished while 1.2 billion are overweight or obese. At the same time, foo…
This book has been written to help you to do well in your Cambridge International Examinations IGCSE Biology examination. We hope that you enjoy using it. The book can also be used with the Cambridge O level Biology syllabus. There are quite a lot of definitions in the IGCSE syllabus that you need to learn by heart. These are all in this book, at appropriate points in each chapter, inside boxes…
n , climate-related overseas development assistance totaled US. billion globally, up from US. billion in . In order for countries and NGOs to access this funding, climate change adaptation or mitigation must be a princi-pal or signicant goal of development interventions (Donor Tracker ). e Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) ranks Bangladesh as one of the mo…
hen Cymene and I wrote the proposal to the National Science Founda-tion for the grant that would eventually fund the main period of our field research, we more or less took for granted the significance of human politi-cal power in addressing climate change. We said we wished to investigate the “political culture” of wind power development in southern Mexic…
Behavior is a key concept in numerous fields of study: psychology, ethology, but also in the biology of organisms. It does not cause much surprise that dolphins, chimpanzees or rats display rational behavior – after all, they are not so different from us. But what about the organisms we deem “simpler”? Or even brainless organisms like plants? Do t…
Since its first invention by Minsky in the 1950s [Min61], confocal microscopyhas become one of the most important advances of light microscopy in the pastdecades [Wil09]. Confocal microscopes have the advantages over conventionalwide-field microscopes in resolution and contrast, making them widely usedin biomedical imaging and industrial metrology.The setup of a typical reflected-light scanning…
Disasters happen with appalling frequency in our world, resulting in death, injury, destruction, disruption and economic loss that can set back the development efforts of affected countries by decades. Disasters from natural hazards are growing at a rapid rate for several reasons. Population growth, migration and urbanisation are all leading to the poorest, most vulnerable, people …
The Diffusion Hydrodynamic Model (DHM), as presented in the 1987 USGS publication, was one of the first computational fluid dynamics computational programs based on the groundwater program MODFLOW, which evolved into the control volume modeling approach. Over the following decades, others developed similar computational programs that either used the methodology and approaches presented in the D…
Sustainable management of wadiflashflood (WFF) risks is desperatelyneeded to secure development in wadi systems. Due to rapidflow generation withsudden highflood peaks, spatiotemporal variability of rainfall occurrence, andpoorly sited rapid development, most Middle East and North Africa (MENA)region have no comprehensive proper protection from WFFs. In arid regions, singlemitigation measures, …
Le rosa in fila è dedicato alla storia della rosa orticola e prende come punto di riferimento la collezione dell’Orto botanico “Giardino dei Semplici” del Museo di Storia Naturale dell’Università di Firenze. Qui, fino a qualche an-no fa, la collezione non aveva un preciso criterio ostensivo, ma era costituita da un semplice insieme di rose acquisite nei decenni precedenti. Si è quind…
The Portuguese explorer Francisco Newton was one of thefirst naturalists todedicate almost one decade to the study of the outstanding diversity of the Gulf ofGuinea oceanic islands. The collections he made, in what was largely unexploredterritory for science, allowed the description of dozens of new species and began toreveal intriguing biogeographic patterns. Gazing at the species he was colle…
What is the state of our forests and forest soils today? How have they changed overthe past 20 years? What actions have had an effect on their status and how? What arethe risks that continue to play a role or become relevant in the future? The presentreport based on the National Forest Soils Inventory (NFSI) as well as on case studiesfrom Intensive Forest Monitoring sites in Germany (see below)…
The first level (LV1) is those transformation-related theories for designing cloak-ing, concentrating, rotating, etc. Since the theory of transformation thermotics wasproposed for controlling steady and passive heat conduction in 2008 [1,2], extendedtransformation theories have been developed successively from steady and passiveto transient and active heat conduction [3]. Then, temperature-depe…
Analytical Heat Transfer explains how to analyze and solve conduction, convection, and radiation heat transfer problems. It enables students to tackle complex engineering heat transfer problems prevalent in practice. Covering heat transfer in high-speed flows and unsteady highly turbulent flows, the book also discusses enhanced heat transfer in channels, heat transfer in rotating channels, nume…
With increased political and academic concerns, the term “water governance” hasbeen debated that it responds to challenges of sustainable development [42]. TheOrganization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) defines watergovernance as a “range of political, institutional and administrative rules, practicesand processes (formal and informal) through which decisions are taken a…
2022 is a landmark year for BirdLife and conservation. One hundred years ago, in 1922, a group of visionary conservationists concerned about the plight of the world’s birds and wider biodiversity came together to found one of the world’s first international conservation organisations – the International Committee for Bird Protection (ICBP). This network has steadily grown over the last ce…
In this book, we have attempted to break new ground. Our study is unique in several respects: not only does it produce a set of maps for a remote and poorly known area of Australia, but also the distributional point data of each species are integrated and compared with the spatial distribution of their larval food plants. The geographic range of each …
South Africa is rich in floral biodiversity as well as cultural diversity. The Cape region1 of South Africa has veldt types, with one of the richest compositions of indigenous aromatic plant species in the country. One such aromatic plant is the genus Agathosma. There are about 150 different species within this genus, which derives from a greater fa…
t present, as estimated by FAO, the world produces more or less sufficient food to meet the needs of world population and maintains sufficient food stock to cover nearly 25% of estimated annual utilization. Despite the positive situation on the sup-ply side, FAO’s estimation in 2014–2016 indicated that, globally, 795 million peo-ple were unable to meet their dietary energy requ…
Anthropogenic activity has resulted in the deposition of a complex combination ofmaterials in lake sediments, including synthetic polymers (plastics) that differgreatly from the Holocene signatures. Accordingly, plastics are considered oneindicator of the Anthropocene [1]. Plastic has for some time been known to be amajor component of riverine pollution [2–6], and plastic degradation products…
Artificial intelligence (AI) is the core driver for the fourth technological revolution,following the revolutions in steam technology, electricity technology, and computersand information technology. Since its emergence in the 1950s, AI has fully improvedproductivity, affected and changed the production structure and production relations.UnderstandingthehistoryofAIplaysanindispensableroleinthes…
My ultimate goal in writing this book is to better position environmental edu-cators to contribute to environmental quality, sustainability, and resilience. To accomplish this goal, I have summarized research-based information on the myriad pathways by which environmental education can contribute to the health of the environment, the community, and individuals. Lik…
Rock salt constitutive models are used to simulate the evolution of mines, boreholes, storage caverns for gases and liquids, and nuclear waste repositories in rock salt formations. A wide variety of thermo-mechanical constitutive models have been proposed for rock salt, yet even the damage-free (micro-crack-free) thermoviscoplastic behavior remains difficult to capture. The Munson-Dawson model …
The world in which we live is fragile; a small layer of organismic activity covers the planet like a microbial film on top of a large boulder. Nonetheless, humans treat the Earth as if anthropogenic impacts on this delicate biological layer may be absorbed by unfailing natural buffers. Yet, convergent and overwhelming evidence from all over the world underlines that mankind has al…
Unifying Physics of Accelerators, Lasers and Plasma introduces the physics of accelerators, lasers and plasma in tandem with the industrial methodology of inventiveness, a technique that teaches that similar problems and solutions appear again and again in seemingly dissimilar disciplines. This unique approach builds bridges and enhances connection.
In 1960, the United States put its first Earth-observing environmental satellite into orbit around the planet. Over the decades, these satellites have provided invaluable information, and the vantage point of space has provided new perspectives on Earth. This book celebrates Earth’s aesthetic beauty in the patterns, shapes, colors, and textures of the land, oceans, ice, and atmosphere. The bo…