In 1909, the book Reinforced Concrete in Europe by Albert Ladd Colby (1860–1924) was pub-lished with the aim of disseminating in the USA the advances in reinforced concrete made in each of the European countries at that time. Besides introducing the main systems, types of reinforcement bars and their applications, the work describes an intermediate phase of a para-digm shift in…
Women present a historic and worrying gap in science and technology-related disciplines, generally knowns as STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering,and Mathematics), except in the case of health professions. A holistic approach isneeded to support policymakers worldwide in bridging the gender gap in STEM, inwhich higher education institutions have a crucial role. Promoting this active impli-cat…
‘All right, so here we are in front of the elephants.’ This is the opening sentence of the first video ever uploaded to YouTube.1 What started in 2005 as an online platform for the upload of ‘homemade videos’ and the sharing of ‘ordinary people’s lives’ quickly became the nucleus of an intricate web of audiovisual interactions that reached through and beyond cyberspace. The year 2…
Currently, complexity is derived from reports provided by the controllers andpilots involved in the incidents, from which the mid-air collision risk is estimated.These incidents are extremely rare events, which make them infeasible to deriveany reliable statistics. Furthermore, not all incidents are reported, making it diffi-cult to infer how many true incidents have really occurred. Finally, t…