Water is a precondition to life on Earth and is essential for sustainable development. Safe drinking water and sanitation are human rights.1 Water – including sanitation – is critical for socioeconomic development, food security and healthy ecosystems, and is vital for reducing the global burden of disease and improving the health, welfare and productivity of populations. The science is cl…
Belize has made significant development strides in the past decade. Its long-term development strategy, Horizon 2030, prescribes a pathway to increasing prosperity, eradicating poverty, improving social cohesion, caring for its natural resources, and securing peace and justice for all Belizeans. As a signatory to the United Nations Millennium Development Goal Declaration, the Government of Beli…
The first comprehensive handbook on the seeds of trees and shrubs produced by the USDA Forest Service was USDA Misc. Pub. 654, Woody-Plant Seed Manual. The manuscript was ready for publication in 1941, but World War II delayed publication until 1948. The boom in tree planting in the 1950s and 1960s created a large demand for seeds and exposed the gaps in our knowledge concerning production and …
Beijing, the capital of the People's Republic of China, is also the national political center, cultural center, international exchange center, and scientific and technological innovation center. It takes the lead domestically and even globally in multiple strategic emerging industries, and gathers rich resources of technology, finance, culture, talents and international elements. The city is be…
Bioenergy is the energy produced from biological materials such as crops, woody biomass (e.g. forestry and agricultural residues) and other organic materials and wastes. Biomass, biofuels, bioliquids and biomethane are related terms (see Glossary). These different forms of bioenergy can be used for cooking, heating, industrial use, to produce electricity and for transport fuels. Bioenergy is an…
Modern biomass, and the resulting useful forms of bioenergy produced from it, are anticipated by many advocates to provide a signifi cant contribution to the global primary energy supply of many IEA member countries during the coming decades. For non-member countries, particularly those wishing to achieve economic growth as well as meet the goals for sustainable development, the deployment of m…
The meal patterns at 7 CFR 225.16(d) outline the required food components and their minimum serving sizes in order for the meal to be eligible for reimbursement. A food component is one of the food groups that comprise a reimbursable meal. For example, a fruit or vegetable and a meat or meat alternate would be a food component. A food item is a specific food offered within the food component. F…
Notwithstanding the identification of any specific pesticide for the control of pests and diseases, this decision is for the discretion of the Ministry of Agriculture Area Extension Officer and the farmer. However, the mention of any pesticides and other products used in the Tech Pack should strictly comply with local regulations and all instructions provided by the manufacturer. Also, the use …
The State of Health in the EU’s Country Health Profiles provide a concise and policy-relevant overview of health and health systems in the EU/European Economic Area. They emphasise the particular characteristics and challenges in each country against a backdrop of crosscountry comparisons. The aim is to support policymakers and influencers with a means for mutual learning and voluntary exchan…
Fragrances are unique and complex combinations of natural and synthetic ingredients that are added to products to give them a distinctive smell. Fragrances are not only used in perfumes, but also in many other consumer products, such as cosmetics, personal care and household cleaning products. They satisfy valued emotional needs and solve important functional problems, such as masking bad smell…
Scotland’s water environment is one of our most important national assets. It contributes to the health and well-being of our country; supports a rich diversity of wildlife; and provides for the sustainable growth of our economy. Scotland is renowned worldwide for the quality of its rivers, lochs, wetlands and seas. The natural environment attracts millions of visitors every year and supports…
We live in uncertain times. Armed conflicts are currently being waged in our corner of the world. Terrorism, cyber attacks, and disinformation campaigns are being used to undermine and influence us. To resist these threats, we must stand united. If Sweden is attacked, everyone must do their part to defend Sweden’s independence – and our democracy.
This annual report is part of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA) commitment to provide the public with information about new light-duty vehicle greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, fuel economy, technology data, and auto manufacturers' performance in meeting the agency’s GHG emissions standards. EPA has collected data on every new light-duty vehicle model sold in the United States …
Windfalls from hydrocarbons and metals have largely driven growth in recent decades. The extractive sector accounts for nearly 30% of GDP, two-thirds of exports, three quarters of the stock of FDI and half of government revenues. Like other lessdiversified economies, Kazakhstan is vulnerable to commodity-price fluctuations and other problems associated with resourcebased development. To sustain…
In particular, the 2030 Implementation Initiative specifically supports its partner countries in anchoring the objectives of the 2030 Agenda in national political processes, increasing revenue and mobilising investments and strengthening the monitoring and review of the Agenda. The BMZ has thus created a unique bilateral initiative that starts where the need of the partner countries is greatest…
This rectangle is divided in half by a net. On either side of and parallel to the net at a distance of 6.95 m are the service lines. The area between the net and the service lines is divided in half by a perpendicular line called the central service line. The central service line will extend 20 cm beyond the service line. When referring to surface and line layout, the two halves of the court mu…
A first round of reviews was conducted over 2010-16. The Global Forum started a second round of reviews in 2016 based on enhanced Terms of Reference, which notably include new principles agreed in the 2012 update to Article 26 of the OECD Model Tax Convention and its commentary, the availability of and access to beneficial ownership information, and completeness and quality of outgoing EOI …
The aim of this handbook is to provide guidance for trained anaesthetists working for the ICRC and to offer advice in areas where practice will differ from that in their home ountry. It is designed to supplement the practical training given in ICRC war-surgery seminars and to support the work of the ICRC in war surgery. Anaesthetists working in austere environments will generally be expected c…
Thailand joined the ranks of the upper-middle-income countries in 2011, with sustained high growth and rapid poverty reduction. Gross domestic product (GDP) grew an average of 9.5% per year between 1987 and 1996 on the back of political stability, a business-friendly regulatory environment, a large domestic market, open access to foreign investment, and greater participation in regional value c…
The fishing vessel owner has a duty to ensure the health and safety of fishermen and other persons so far as is reasonably practicable. The fishing vessel owner (which includes the manager if they have assumed responsibility for the operation of the vessel) has overall responsibility to ensure that the skipper is provided with the necessary resources and facilities to comply with the regulation…
As we stand on the precipice of an escalating climate crisis, the relevance and importance of South-South and Triangular Industrial Cooperation (SSTIC) has never been more pronounced. SSTIC, as an international cooperative mechanism, holds a compelling potential to strategically address and limit climate breakdown. This publication seeks to outline the technical and economic dimensions of how S…
Agribusiness development is largely predicated on the adoption and utilization of advanced agricultural technologies. This includes precision farming methods, integrated pest management techniques, innovative irrigation systems, and technologies that facilitate value addition such as advanced processing and packaging methods. By leveraging SSTIC, UNIDO is encouraging the exchange and adaptatio…
As an indispensable axis of contemporary international cooperation, South-South and Triangular Industrial Cooperation (SSTIC) operates at the intersection of global value chains and sustainability. This strategic platform embodies an evolving paradigm, explicitly designed to foster the technical and economic prerequisites for the creation of sustainable supply chains. This publication elaborate…
Green Hydrogen represents a unique opportunity for the clean energy transition. Climate change is an existential threat to a sustainable future, but at the same time, facing up to the climate challenge is an opportunity to promote prosperity and a brighter future for all. Green hydrogen and its derivatives will play a vital role in the just energy transition. This collaboration between UNIDO, t…
The International Law Handbook was prepared by the Codification Division of the Office of Legal Affairs under the United Nations Programme of Assistance in the Teaching, Study, Dissemination and Wider Appreciation of International Law, pursuant to General Assembly resolution 70/116 of 14 December 2015. Ambassador Emmanuel K. Dadzie of Ghana proposed the establishment of this programme when he …
The economy has grown rapidly, with real per capita income doubling in the 12 years to 2013. Human development has improved, marked by a significant decline in poverty and gains across a range of socioeconomic variables. The key sectors of the economy have gone from strength to strength, with Cambodia now the world’s 8th largest rice exporter and Asia’s 10th largest garment producer. The to…
Most letters today will be written on a computer and printed. They should be on A4 paper and use only one side of the paper. If you are writing a letter by hand, only use a blue or black pen. There are different paper sizes that can be used for personal letters, and you can write on both sides of the paper. You should always use A4 paper for business letters. Below are the general rules for wri…
This brief provides a rigorous and standardized approach for value chain analysis and design (VCA/D).1 It assumes that a specific value chain (VC) has already been selected and describes how to complete the first two steps for its sustainable evelopment, namely analysing the VC and designing an upgrading strategy and development plan for it.2 The next step, beyond this brief, is the implementat…
Commercial quality standards for agricultural produce are developed and approved by the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe through its Working Party on Agricultural Quality Standards. These international standards facilitate trade, encourage high-quality production, improve profitability and protect consumer interests. They are used by governments, producers, traders, importers and e…
Rice is cultivated in tropical Asia (South and Southeast Asia) over an area of about 88.7 million ha, with an annual total production of nearly 183.8 million tons of rough rice, an average productivity of 2.7 t/ha (Table 1). Only 14% of the rice area in tropical Asia supports 2 crops of rice per year under irrigation. The remaining riceland is entirely rainfed, with varying water regimes. In ar…
Human rights are rights inherent to all human beings. They define relationships between individuals and power structures, especially the State. Human rights delimit State power and, at the same time, require States to take positive measures ensuring an environment that enables all people to enjoy their human rights. History in the past 250 years has been shaped by the struggle to create such an…
There are many factors to be considered in selecting a crop for production. A farmer’s previous experience producing a crop, or the availability of a contract for the purchase of a crop are certainly factors in the decision. However, there are two factors which always must be considered. However, from a practical standpoint the number of years and crops to include in a crop rotation will dep…
As a country rich in plant species, Indonesia is a natural place for essential oil industry to develop. There are around 40 kinds of oil produced by Indonesia, among them 12 are commercially developed at an industrial scale. They are: patchouli (nilam), vetiver (akarwangi), cananga (kenanga), cajuput (kayu putih), lemon grass (sereh dapur), clove (cengkeh), sandalwood (cendana), nutmeg (pala), …
Few building materials possess the environmental benefits of wood. It is not only our most widely used building material but also one with characteristics that make it suitable for a wide range of applications. As described in the many chapters of this handbook, efficient, durable, and useful wood products produced from trees can range from a minimally processed log at a log-home building site …
The number of foreign nationals staying in Japan remains at a high level of approximately 2. 82 million as of the end of June 2021. It is expected that the number of foreign residents will continue to increase in the future. In order to realize a society in which both Japanese and foreign nationals can live with a sense of security, it is important for Japanese nationals to understand foreign n…
Although the pandemic has had an impact on nearly everyone’s life, there have been particular concerns about the mental and physical health of the millions of young Europeans whose formative years have been marked by disruptions in their education and social activities. In several European countries such as Belgium, Estonia, France, Sweden and Norway, the share of young people reporting sympt…
Universal access to affordable, reliable, and modern energy services by 2030 (SDG 7.1) is a prerequisite and catalyst for improving the living and working conditions of all the world's people. The lack of access to modern energy is a barrier to achieving several other SDGs, especially for the poorest and most vulnerable populations. Receiving access to modern energy helps people lift themselves…
Stimulated by the urgency of the Second World War, nuclear science progressed rapidly from the discovery of the neutron by Sir James Chadwick in 1932. Out of this basic knowledge came the discovery in 1939 that when atoms fission (i.e. are split), energy is released. This led in turn to the first controlled chain reaction (1943), the first atomic weapon (1945), and the first production of elect…
Time is running out to meet the Paris Agreement goal to limit global warming to “well below” 2 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels. Despite efforts by some regions to decarbonise, transport emissions will not fall fast enough, as transport demand will grow in the years to come. By 2050, passenger demand will increase by 79% under the Current Ambition scenario and freight demand will…
It is for individuals to assure themselves that they are fit to drive. The doctor in charge of an individual’s care should be able to advise them if it is safe to continue driving while the DVLA conducts medical enquiries. Individuals must be reminded that if they choose to ignore medical advice to stop driving, this may affect their motor insurance cover. Doctors should document the advice t…
It is one of the most important demographic megatrends with implications for all aspects of our societies. Ageing is already having a far-reaching impact on living arrangements and the way that societies and economies work. The process of change towards more aged societies is inevitable. Ageing is happening in different regions and in countries at various levels of development. It is proceeding…
The Kingdom of Denmark signed 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (hereafter "the Convention") on the day it was opened for signature and ratified it on 16 December 2004. This Partial Submission is the fifth step in fulfilling the Kingdom of Denmark's obligation under Article 76(8) and Article 4 of Annex II to the Convention to submit information on the outer limits of its cont…
The tourism sector is a major driver of economic growth and an engine for job creation. In recent decades, it has experienced continued expansion and diversification and has become one of the largest and fastest-growing economic sectors globally. 3 Sustainable tourism can have a positive impact on the livelihoods of women and men, lift communities out of poverty, drive prosperity and generate e…
The USDA Forest Service recognizes that the threat of invasive plant species to public and private forests is serious and thatsuccessful progress in prevention, control, research, and restoration from the negative impacts of such invasions is only possible using a concerted and organized effort. Thus, the Forest Service-Eastern Region (Region 9), the Northeastern Area (NA) State and Private For…
Tradition and innovation, side-by-side in a landscape of great buildings, sporting venues hosting local and international events and vibrant open spaces: Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park will offer all of this and much more. It will be the crowning glory of London’s eastward shift, establishing a new hub for business, leisure and life. Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park will defi ne the next generation…
The Swedish Government also views the 2030 Agenda as a dynamic framework that opens up new global opportunities for all societies and stakeholders, both nationally and internationally. It is an agenda for a common and long-term sustainable environmental, social and economic development, linked to fighting poverty and hunger and inequality within and between countries, in order to build peaceful…