Understanding the embedded and disembedded, material and immaterial, territorialized and deterritorialized natures of digital work. Many jobs today can be done from anywhere. Digital technology and widespread internet connectivity allow almost anyone, anywhere, to connect to anyone else to communicate and exchange files, data, video, and audio. In other words, work can be deterritorialized at a…
This book proposes a reconstruction of contemporary social theory, focusing on thematic issues rather than on authors or schools of thought. In so doing, it endeavours to bridge epistemological approaches and locate critical claims shared by the main trajectories and notions of sociological theoretical debate. The book explores the current forms of social science theorization through the key th…
Cultural concepts and ecologies are vitally inseparable, mutually constitutive and made living through each other. Pacific philosophies understand oceans, lands and skies as agentive, malleable living forms participating in, constitutive of and responsive to cosmological and kinship-based relations capable of encompassing the perspectives of fish and the rel…
Demographic transformation resulting from low fertility and high life expectancyin developedand developing countries has led to an increase in the numbers of elderly people living in those countries. Moreover,low birthrates,changing fam-ilystructures,and economic and political crises causing migration and flight arehavinga significant impact on intergenerational relationships,social welfare sys…
What is the experience of truth and reconciliation? What is the purpose of a truth commission? What lessons can be learned from established truth and reconciliation processes? Flowers in the Wall explores the experience of truth and reconciliation Southeast Asia and the Southwest Pacific, with and without a formal truth commission. Although much has been written about the operational phases of …
This open access book brings together a collection of cutting-edge insights into how action can and is already being taken against climate change at multiple levels of our societies, amidst growing calls for transformative and inclusive climate action. In an era of increasing recognition regarding climate and ecological breakdown, this book offers hope, inspiration and analyses for multi-level …
In 2019, the report entitled ‘Fixing Fashion: Clothing Consump-tion and Sustainability’1 by the UK House of Commons Envi-ronmental Audit Select Committee called to ‘reduce the rate of fashion consumption’.This policy brief is part of the process of providing evidence and recommendations to the AllParty Parliamentary Group for Sustainable Clothing and…
Various international scholars and associates of the PASCAL (Place, Social Capital and Learning Regions) International Observatory (Africa hub), under the auspices of the Centre for Local Economic Development (CENLED) based at the University of Johannesburg (UJ), have contributed chapters in this scholarly book. The book aims to demonstrate how a combination of globalisation, pandemics and the …
On what would be a typical day, a Member of the European Parliament (MEP) starts her morning going over the schedule with her office staff using their native language, after which she fields a call from an interest group representative in English. Next, she attends a committee meeting in which her remarks, offered in her mother tongue, are simultaneously interpreted into a dozen la…
Think tanks and research centres worldwide are devoting in-creasing attention to the growing role of global cities. Why do global cities matter? And why should a think tank dealing with international affairs such as ISPI look at the evolving role of global cities? The obvious answer is: because cities do matter. Urban settings cover barely 2% of the Earth’s surfac…
This book tells the story of a generation of American and Australian women who embodied – and challenged – the prescriptions of their times. In the 1950s and early 60s they went to colleges and universities, trained for professions and developed a life of the mind. They were also urged to embrace their femininity, to marry young, to devote themselves to husbands, children and communities. C…
This open access edited book brings together new research on the mechanisms by which maternal and reproductive health policies are formed and implemented in diverse locales around the world, from global policy spaces to sites of practice. The authors – both internationally respected anthropologists and new voices – demonstrate the value of ethnography and the utility of reproduction as a le…
Google and Facebook now control about two thirds of global advertising revenue. They dominate the online advertising market in the form of a duopoly and avoid paying adequate taxes. This policy brief introduces a new possibility and policy innovation for taxing online adver-tising. This brief sheds new light on the question how to estabilish models for taxing online ad…
Intensive energy consumption is necessary to the good life. At least that is ExxonMobil’s outlook for energy in their “View to 2040,” quoted above. As global warming becomes more difficult to ignore, oil and gas titans increasingly want to brand themselves as energy companies that supply much-needed power to the people, rather than as fossil fuel extractors…
In all the talk about the Paris Agreement, reached at the twenty-first Conference of Parties (COP21) of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change in Paris in 2015, it is sometimes forgotten that the world’s political leaders have held negotiations about climate change at the highest possible level for at least three decades. Many have known about …
Safety is an essential dimension of urban sustainability. In a sustainable city, safety ensures each person a place to live free from danger but also has the possibility of movement that is essential to place attachment and one’s quality of life (UN-Habitat, 2013, 2017, 2019). The adoption by member states of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Developme…
This collection of essays represents the first of its kind in exploring the conjunction of translation and social media communication, with a focus on how these practices intersect and transform each other against the backdrop of the cascading COVID-19 crisis. The contributions in the book offer empirical case studies as well as personal reflections on the topic, illuminating a broad range of t…
During the 1930s, episodes of violent protest by the inhabitants of Britain’s Caribbean colonies brought the extremely poor living and working conditions that existed in these territories to domestic and international attention. Revelations of widespread unemployment, squalid housing and malnutrition threatened the moral authority of British rule …
e live in hugely paradoxical times. We will see greater change in the twenty-firstcentury than we have in any previous human century. Huge leaps in science andtechnology, accompanied by huge economic and social advances in many societiesaround the world, especially Asian societies, will mean that the texture and chem-istry of the twenty-first century will be massively different from the ninetee…
The youth of today are generally healthier, better educated, more urbanized, enjoy greater access to knowledge, and are more connected with the rest of the world than the preceding generations. A growing body of research attributes this marked improvement in the life situations of young people to socio-economic development and the ensuing prolonged transition to adulthood.1 Relative to their pa…
As detailed in Global Prison Trends, despite widely documented challenges in creating fair and effective criminal justice systems, there have been some positive steps taken towards the practical implementation of international human rights standards related to criminal justice, such as the UN Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners (the Nelson Mandela Rules) and the United Nation…
This open access edited collection contributes a new dimension to the study of mental health and psychiatry in the twentieth century. It takes the present literature beyond the ‘asylum and after’ paradigm to explore the multitude of spaces that have been permeated by concerns about mental well-being and illness. The chapters in this volume consciously attempt to break down institutional wal…
The Encyclopedic Dictionary of International Finance and Banking is written and compiled for working professionals engaged in the fields of international finance, global trade, foreign investments, and banking. It may be used for day-to-day practice and for technical research. The Encyclopedic Dictionary is a practical reference of proven techniques, strategies, and approaches that are successf…
Standardized military and associated terminology forms the foundation of joint doctrine. It enables the joint force to organize, plan, train, and execute operations with a common language that is clearly articulated and universally understood. Since 1948, military terms have been codified in the DOD Dictionary. Although different in purpose, policy documents also require standardized terminolog…
his introduction is a mediated gesture, in medias res, designed to help you, dear reader, become better acquainted with the writings that comprise this book; how they originated, and what they are attempting to achieve. I cannot see your facial expres-sion while I am doing the introducing, so I do not have a sense of whether my gesture is capturing your attention. Perhaps it is boring…
Doing well with money isn’t necessarily about what you know. It’s about how you behave. And behavior is hard to teach, even to really smart people. How to manage money, invest it, and make business decisions are typically considered to involve a lot of mathematical calculations, where data and formulae tell us exactly what to do. But in the real world, people don’t make financial decision…
What role can the analysis of a single, or perhaps only just a few, case(s) play in a systematic social science? More particularly, what role can the study of a handful of comparative cases (based upon individuals or social groupings of one sort or another) play in discovering causal relationships between designated causes and effects with a view to furnishing explanations and perhaps even mode…
The focus of housing research is set by the apparent scaling of hous-ing problems: where problems congregate, so too does the research community. The collective gaze of that community has been on cities dur-ing recent decades. The urban processes that have caused inequalities – across housing, education, healthcare and other domains – are critically important and the …
High-quality work is central for a productive and thriving society. Ensuring a sufficient quality of work – as a policy issue – as opposed the government’s conventional responsibility of ensuring a sufficient quantity of work – reached its zenith in the UK in July 2017 when the government published a review to scope out a new national job quality strategy. The public…
Does the child’s breathing appear to be obstructed? Look at the chest wall movement, and listen to breath sounds to determine whether there is poor air movement during breathing. Stridor indicates obstruction. Is there central cyanosis? Determine whether there is bluish or purplish discoloration of the tongue and the inside of the mouth. Is the child breathing? Look and listen to determine wh…
Covid-19 has reinforced vulnerabilities worldwide. It has threatened people’s health and well-being, shattered health systems, exacerbated poverty and inequality, limited children’s access to education, and negatively impacted economies.1 Blindfolded by their lack of knowledge about this disease, governments’ efforts to contain Covid-19 once and for all have been limited at best. Between …
As population estimates for 2050 reach over 9 billion, issues of food security and nutrition have been dominating academic and policy debates. A total of 805 million people are undernourished worldwide and malnutrition affects nearly every country on the planet. Despite impressive productivity increases, there is growing evidence that conventional agricultural strategies fall short of eliminati…
Each year, fossil fuels (coal, oil and gas) are consumed in ever-greater quantities, despite the danger of global warming, which makes such large-scale consump-tion unsustainable. The facts of consumption growth are at odds with ever more insistent claims that we are moving to a post-fossil-fuel era. Clearly, the causes of consumption growth are very strong. The purpose of this book is to put t…
Digitalisation has changed the way monetary systems work for many years already, but recently it hasstarted to change its structure more fundamentally. Developed economies rapidly reduce the importance of cash, and in some cases envisage becoming cashless entirely in the foreseeable future. At the same time digital currencies have appeared. The first wave of cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin, E…
Today in the world of 24-hour news, we cannot help but be aware of the brutality and human cost of war. It is difficult to imagine the festive atmosphere of parades and cheering as local regiments marched off to fight in the American Civil War, or even in the early days of World War I. Yet in spite of our lack of illusion about the reality of war, the idea of war still holds an enduring fascina…
This document provides guidance for designing ILO initiatives in countries affected by fragility and conflict. These include countries or regions subject to tensions or at risk of conflict or violent unrest, or where criminal violence threatens people’s security on a significant scale. It outlines how to use a peace and conflict analysis (PCA) to ensure that programmes and projects are confli…
The Maldives, a chain of 26 coral atolls to India’s southwest, is one of the smallest countries in Asia and the Pacific by population and land area. Its estimated 341,200 people are widely dispersed over 188 inhabited islands across an archipelago more than 800 kilometers long and 130 kilometers wide. The capital city, Malé, is home to one-third of the people, yet has a total land area of le…
The circular economy provides an answer to the great challenge of the 21st century, which is to utilise raw materials with much greater efficiency. In order to continue feeding humanity, provide it with the necessary goods and to guarantee people a decent existence, a fundamental change in how we use raw materials is necessary. We are talking about an economy that provides for people’s needs …
Most legal thinkers and practitioners view law as fundamentally terrestrial. Indeed, law—in its Eurocentric iteration at least—ultimately imagines itself as beginning and ending on terra firma. Land is perceived as a fully historicized, mapped, and regulated space that stands in stark opposition to the seemingly a-temporal, empty, and unruly sea.…
Violence and abuse against children are serious threats to children’s well-being, and the need for societies to take action is increasingly recognised, in both the Nordic region and internationally. Children exposed to violence and abuse are vulnerable and often in need of multiple services, creating the risk of potential “secondary victimi…
The CODES Action Plan for a Sustainable Planet in the Digital Age marks the 50th anniversary of the Stockholm Conference on the Human Environment and the establishment of the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) set-up to promote global environmental sustainability. The goal of the Action Plan is to offer a vision and set of priorities to advance digital sustainability through a series …
The global Living Planet Index continues to decline. It shows anaverage 68% decrease in population sizes of mammals, birds, amphibians, reptiles and fish between 1970 and 2016. A 94% decline in the LPI for the tropical subregions of the Americas is the largest fall observed in any part of the world. Why does this matter? It matters because biodiversity is fundamental to human life on Earth, and…
As a rule, the introduction is where the author explains to the reader what the book is about. Before I do that, however, I will take the liberty of a brief digression of a personal nature. Whenever I’m at some sort of gathering and find I am acquainted only with the host, my interactions with other guests go off “without a hitch”. I’m not a particularly shy person, so it’s rather eas…
Cities are home to the majority of the world’s population, drivers of both national and global economic activity, hubs of culture and innovation, and are the locations in which many of society’s greatest challenges, from climate change to social unrest, play out. Given this, it is not surprising that, in recent years, cities have captured the global imagination. A focus on cities …