Increase vehicle production for national consumption by 10%. Increase national content by 15% through the substitution of vehicle imports, by substituting imports of electronic components for vehicles, expanding aluminum auto parts production, and developing battery cell production for electric vehicles. Manufacture trains in Mexico and/or their components. Double dual education plans.
In particular, the 2030 Implementation Initiative specifically supports its partner countries in anchoring the objectives of the 2030 Agenda in national political processes, increasing revenue and mobilising investments and strengthening the monitoring and review of the Agenda. The BMZ has thus created a unique bilateral initiative that starts where the need of the partner countries is greatest…
This topic measures the number of procedures, time, cost and paid-in minimum capital requirement for a small- to medium-sized limited liability company to start up and formally operate in each economy’s largest business city. To make the data comparable across 190 economies, uses a standardized business that is 100% domestically owned, has start-up capital equivalent to 10 times the income p…
Why are there such significant and persistent differences in living standardsacross countries? This is one of the most important and challenging areas ofdevelopment thinking and policy. Much of the focus in the academic andpolicy literature on‘growth’has been on steady-state or long-run average rateof growth of output per capita or, equivalently, comparinglevelsof income.But the focus onone…
Spurred by public investment, its growth rate averaged more than 9 percent between 2000 and 2017. Gross domestic product per capita (measured in purchasing power parity or PPP has risen nine-fold since 1991, but remains low compared to other parts of the world (for example, emerging and developing Asian countries (figure 1)). Initially, per capita GDP growth barely exceeded population growth b…
The increasing complexities with today’s interlinked challenges related to resource insecurities, the emergence of novel infectious diseases, socio?economic decline and environmental degradation require systemic approaches that address trade?offs, enhance synergies, minimise resource depletion, and promote waste reduction while operating within the planetary boundaries (Kimani?M…
In August 2015, while we were writing this book, a group of sustainability activists were gathering in the grounds of a borrowed château on the outskirts of Paris. They were intent upon ‘eco-hacking’ the future. What this meant was turning the château into a temporary innovation camp, equipped with the tools for develop-ing a variety of technologies of practical and symbolic…
For the first time in the history of humankind, global goals exist that guide our future. The UN’s 2015 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) provide a detailed framework for public, private, and civil society actors globally to bring about sig-nificant and transformative change towards a world that works for 100 percent of humanity and the …
South-South Cooperation (SSC) is both an old concept and a new idea, an old analysis and a new policy directive. Although the notion has existed for decades, it has grown in importance and function, especially since the early 2000s. It has transformed global economic structures, forcing us to redefine traditionally understood words, most notably “region” and “development.” It h…
overty and Wealth in East Africa is a conceptual history of poverty and wealth and of the poor and the wealthy over the past two millennia. It demonstrates the dynamism and diversity of people’s thinking about inequality in the region long before colonial conquest or incorporation into global trade networks. Sub-Saharan Africa’s economic woes and the poverty o…
The road’s potholes were a stark contrast to the destination of the coach-loadof young women driving over them: a brand new building housing one ofBangalore’s many internet-enabled service companies—this one providingaccountancy support services—newly built on the outskirts of the city. Thiscontrast is not something we saw only in India. In the overcrowded streets ofIndonesia’s capita…
The world was not doing enough for sustainable development, even before the pandemic. The existing gap in financing for the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals has been estimated at around $2.5 trillion.1 Growth in developing and emerging economies was, however, steadily reducing the number of people in extreme poverty. The recession caused by COVID-19 has reversed that process, al…
Whether this new project, along with its new and ambitious agenda, will in fact be any dif er ent from its forerunners or whether it will also end up using mass house construction and sedentarization to demonstrate devel-opment will become clear only in years to come. Statistics from 2020 and beyond will likely show that there are no longer any poor people—those with income below th…
This volume addresses the issue of how a country, which was incorporated intothe world economy as a periphery, could create a path of economic developmentand industrialization as the ‘emerging state’ in Asia and Africa. We offer historicaland contemporary case studies of development paths, as well as the internationalbackground under which a transition to the emerging state was successfully…
ccording to the statistics provided by Confederation of Danish Industries, 4 bil-lion people around the globe live on less than US$ 2 per day. The low-income market constitutes the majority of the consumers in the countries from Sub-Sa-haran Africa and Asia, and covers parts of Latin America, Eastern Europe and the Caribbean region. Despite the fact that 2.86 billion or 83 % of the Asian …
dia stands tall as a space power!” tweeted Prime Minister Narendra Modi just weeks before securing a second, spectac-ular landslide win in India’s general election in Spring 2019 by an even bigger margin than many had expected. Minutes earlier, he had announced in a rare televised speech that India had just succeeded in shooting down one of its own sate…
London’s economy is both very specialised - in highly productive, export-oriented service sectors such as finance and insurance and advanced professional services – but also big enough to accommodate large numbers of jobs in most of the key employment sectors. Exports from the specialised sectors are a key driver of London’s trade surplus with the rest of the world. At the same time, Lond…
This report lays out a broad Africa 2050 scenario in which Africa catches up (or converges) with the rest of the world to narrow the gap in terms of living standards and productivity. It describes a future for Africa of individual prosperity in cohesive societies, competitive economies, and strong regional-global interaction. Under such a scenario, by 2050 per capita incomes would grow six-fold…
The city is in the midst of a significant physical, social and cultural transformation and the strong State economy has created unparalleled city based investment opportunities for private and government sectors with transport, infrastructure, hotel, office and residential developments underway. Perth is experiencing a step change not seen in more than 40 years, brought on in response to a grow…
This introductory textbook provides an essential interdisciplinary guide to waste management and circular economy. It helps students to understand the drivers of waste, the environmental, social, and economic impacts of waste generation, and best practices and technologies for waste management, recycling, energy recovery and disposal. With helpful, full-colour diagrams throughout, each chapter …
This book tries to address these questions. The research detailed in this volume (which took place pre-Covid-19) engages with the specificities of dif-ferent contexts around the world, while seeking general lessons that can be drawn about transformations to sustainability and the role of research within them. It thus documents a new approach (or approaches) that…
The Global Fund was designed to evolve to best meet the needs of a changing world context. More than 50 percent of the burden of each of the three diseases and the majority of the world’s poor now live in countries classified by the World Bank as middle income but still varying greatly in terms of quality, access, and capacity of health service provision. Simultaneously, concentrations of dis…
NATO enters the eighth decade of its existence with both a longer record of success and a wider assortment of looming challenges than its founders could have foreseen when they signed the Washington Treaty in April 1949. In the thirty years since the collapse of the Soviet threat that called NATO into existence, the Western Alliance has defied innumerable predictions of its imminent demise. It …
The Swedish Government also views the 2030 Agenda as a dynamic framework that opens up new global opportunities for all societies and stakeholders, both nationally and internationally. It is an agenda for a common and long-term sustainable environmental, social and economic development, linked to fighting poverty and hunger and inequality within and between countries, in order to build peaceful…
Various international scholars and associates of the PASCAL (Place, Social Capital and Learning Regions) International Observatory (Africa hub), under the auspices of the Centre for Local Economic Development (CENLED) based at the University of Johannesburg (UJ), have contributed chapters in this scholarly book. The book aims to demonstrate how a combination of globalisation, pandemics and the …
Think tanks and research centres worldwide are devoting in-creasing attention to the growing role of global cities. Why do global cities matter? And why should a think tank dealing with international affairs such as ISPI look at the evolving role of global cities? The obvious answer is: because cities do matter. Urban settings cover barely 2% of the Earth’s surfac…
esurgent Asia analyses the phenomenal transformation of Asia, which would have been difficult to imagine, let alone predict, fifty years ago, when Gunnar Myrdal published Asian Drama. In doing so, it provides an analytical narrative of this remarkable story of economic development, situated in its wider context of historical, political, and social factors, and an economic analysis of the underl…
This year marks 50 years since the least developed countries (LDCs) category was established by a United Nations General Assembly resolution, following research, analysis and advocacy work by the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD). This pivotal landmark comes as intergovernmental negotiations are taking shape for a new programme of action for the LDCs for the decade 202…
Bangkok supports over 8 million people in the city, and over 14 million in its metropolitan area, who travel to and from work, access healthcare, and partake in entertainment and recreation. To ensure that our residents can experience an increased quality of life, we will work to improve social services and mobility for all residents. Ensuring our healthcare and facilities meet the evolving ne…
China’s economic performance over the past 30 years has been remarkable. It is a unique development success story, providing valuable lessons for other countries seeking to emulate this success—lessons about the importance of adapting to local initiative and interregional competition; integrating with the world; adjusting to new technologies; building world-class infrastructure; and investi…
The success story of economic growth in Southeast Asia over the past few decades is well known. It resulted from an outward-looking strategy of export-oriented growth, coupled with openness to foreign direct investment by more developed economies both within Asia and outside, generally market-friendly policies, and extensive investment in infrastructure. It led to deep economic integration of S…